Male infertility can be caused by a number of health issues.
Medical, environmental, Lifestyle.
Some of these include:
Varicocele.
swelling of the veins that drain the testicle. It’s the most common reversible cause of male infertility. Although the exact reason that varicoceles cause infertility is unknown, it may be related to abnormal testicular temperature regulation. Varicoceles result in reduced quality of the sperm.
Infection.
Some infections can interfere with sperm production or sperm health or can cause scarring that blocks the passage of sperm. These include inflammation of the epididymis (epididymitis) or testicles (orchitis) and some sexually transmitted infections, including gonorrhea or HIV. Although some infections can result in permanent testicular damage, most often sperm can still be retrieved.
Ejaculation issues.
Retrograde ejaculation occurs when semen enters the bladder during orgasm instead of emerging out the tip of the penis. Various health conditions can cause retrograde ejaculation, including diabetes, spinal injuries, medications, and surgery of the bladder, prostate, or urethra.
Antibodies that attack sperm.
Anti-sperm antibodies are immune system cells that mistakenly identify sperm as harmful invaders and attempt to eliminate them.
Problems with sexual intercourse.
These can include trouble keeping or maintaining an erection sufficient for sex (erectile dysfunction), premature ejaculation, painful intercourse, anatomical abnormalities such as having a urethral opening beneath the penis (hypospadias), or psychological or relationship problems that interfere with sex.
Hormone imbalances, Certain medications, Prior surgeries.
More on Causes
Industrial chemicals
Radiation or X-rays
Overheating the testicles
Use of tight/ nylon panties
Hot jacuzzi all the time
(Sitting for long periods, wearing tight clothing or working on a laptop computer for long stretches of time)
Illicit drug use
Alcohol use
Tobacco smoking
Stress
Being Overweight
Challenges with the prostate
Environmental Causes maybe up to 40% in underdeveloped countries where superstitious belief is the order of the day
Some cultures make it impossible for the couple to know peace and this can raise anxiety and make the body chemistry not conducive for pregnancy
Complications
Infertility can be stressful for both partners.
Surgery or other procedures to treat an underlying cause of low sperm count or other reproductive problems is usually expensive, sometimes ineffective, and come with side effects.